Firearm



Jul 29 1924.

J. M. BROWNING FIREARM Filed May 21. 1920 2 Sheets-Sheet l July 29 1924.

J. M. BROWNING FIREARM Filed May 21., 1920 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented July29, 1924.

PATENT QFFICE.

JOHN M. BROWNING, OEF OGDEN, UTAH.

FIREARM.

Application filed May 21,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN M. BROWNING, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of the city of Ogden, county of Weber, and

State of Utah, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inFirearms, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to magazine-firearms, an object of theinvention'being to provide a firearmin which cartridges of differentlengths can be used with the one model, as distinguished from firearmsas now manufactured wherein different models must be employed toaccommodate the firearm to different lengths of cartridges.

The receiver of the present firearm is adapted to take both short andlong cartridges and cartridges of various calibers, which is veryadvantageous from a manufacturers standpoint inasmuch as the receiver isusually the most expensive part of the firearm to manufacture.

In the accompanying drawings wherein I have illustrated an embodiment ofmy invention,

Fig. 1 is a lpart sectional elevational view taken throug the chamber,magazine and receiver of a firearm with the action locked;

Fig. 2 is a part sectional elevational view of the apparatus of Fig. 1with the actionlever in its forward position and the breechblock in itsextreme'rearward position;

Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2 but taken from the opposite side ofthe receiver;

Fi 4 is a view taken substantially on the line 4-4 of Fig. 1; i

Fig. 5 is a section of Fig. 1 taken on the line 5-5;

Fig. 6 isa view of what will hereinafter 49 be termed a combinedcartridge-stop and bullet-guide; and

Fig. 7 is a view of a bushing which functions to receive the end of themagazine and also as a guide for guiding the passage of a cartridge fromthe receiver into the magazine in filling the magazine.

Referring to the drawings in detail, 1 designates a receiver which isadapted to be secured in any suitable manner to the barrel 2 of afirearm, the barrel being chambered at 3. The receiver is also adaptedto receive a magazine 4-,the connection of the magazine to the receiverbeing described more in detail hereinafter. 5 designates an 1920. SerialNo. 383,063.

action-lever pivoted at 6 to a locking block 7, the upper end of theaction-lever engaging a breech-block 8 so that when the lever is movedfrom the position shown in Fig. 1 to the position shown in Fig. 2 andvice versa, the breech-block 8 will be reciprocated in a well knownmanner, the breech-block being gulded in its movement by suitable guides9. A carrier 10 pivoted in the receiver at 11 is provided for thepurpose of receiving a cartridge from the magazine 4 and raising it intoposition to be forced into the chamber 3 by movement'of the breech-block8 as the same is moved forward from the position shown in Fig. 2 to theposition shown in Fig. 1. This carrier is provided with a downwardlyextending lug 12 to which is pivoted a short rod 18 adapted to bereciprocated. in a short tube 14, the forward end of which tube engagesat all times a recess 15 provided for that purpose near the front end ofthe receiver. The rod 13 carries a coil-spring 16 extendinglongitudinally of the carrier 10 and adapted to be placed undercompression as the rod 13 is reciprocated in the tube 14.

The receiver 1 is provided with a loading opening 17 through which thefirearm may be charged with a supply of cartridges. This loading openingis here shown inthe side of the receiver but it is to be understood thatit may be located in any other convenient position. A spring-closedloadingtrap 18 is carried at the loading-openin and supported in thereceiver in the usua way, this loading-trap, as will be seen from Fig.4, carrying a flat spring 19 provided for the purpose of maintaining thetrap closedwhen the firearm is in operation, the loading opening beingclosed at all times except when charging a su ply of cartridges into thefirearm. Carried on the loadingtrap is a lug 20 functioning as acartridge arrester and provided for the purpose of limiting rearwardmovement of a cartridge relative to the receiver 1, the carrier 10, andaction-lever -5.

When it is desired to employ the receiver 1 in a firearm usingcartridges of smallcaliber, it becomes necessary, of course, to providea smaller magazine 4 and as the opening in the forward end of thereceiver 1 is bored to receive a'large magazine to accommodatecartridges of a larger caliber, I

haveprovided a bushing 21 which is adapt- -ed to be inserted in theopening 22 at the forward end of the receiver and which will receive themagazine 4. This bushing. isshown in Fig. 7 and from an inspection ofthis figure it will be seen that it is provided with a key 23 which isadapted to engage a keyway in the opening 22 in the receiver. In orderthat the cartridge may be properly guided as it is forced into themagazine through the receiver in-filling and then from the magazine intothe receiver preparatory to being lifted by the carrier 10 (for it is tobe remembered now that the cartridgebeing used is of a small caliber) Ihave provided the bushing 21 with a rearwardly extending projection 24.It will be understood, of course, that when it is desired to use thefirearm for larger caliber car tridges the magazine will be of a sizecorresponding to the opening 22 in the receiver and that the bushingw1ll then be unneces- -oted in the receiver at 26. This device isprovided for the purpose of controlling'the feed of cartridges to thereceiver from the magazine and for guiding the passage of a cartridgeinto the magazine in filling especially, and also from the magazine tothe receiver, and is controlled by movement of the breech block 8 andthe locking block 7, the latter being ofi'set at 27, from the actinlever, as indicated in Fig. 3, to engage a projection 28 provided onthe rear end of the combined cartridge-stop and bulletguide 25 when theaction-lever is moved to closed position as indicated in Fig. 1, thisengagement of the block 7 with the projection 28 causing the combinedcartridge-stop and bullet-guide 25 to move about its pivot 26 from theposition shown in Fig. 3 which is indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 5 tothe position shown in full lines in said figure, the lower part ofthe-curve of the end of the member 25 when in the dotted line positionshown inFig. 5 preventing cartridges from passing from the magazine intothe receiver, the curve when the member is moved to the full lineposition of Fig. 5 guiding the bullet of a cartridge being forced intothe magazine, or the head of a cartridge passing from the magazine tothe receiver. The firearm illustrated is provided with the usual firingmechanism comprising the hammer 29, trigger 30 and firing pin butinasmuch as these parts form no part of the present inventiontheir-operation will not be described as they are well known in thisart.

Assuming now that it be desired to opcrate the firearm and that thefirearm is to .wardly swingin the same about its be employed with shortsmall caliber cartridges being properly guided into the magazine by theprojection 24 formed .on the bushin 21, and the bullet guiding portion34 of t e cartridge-stop 25, as alread described; and as the lastcartridge is fe into the magazine it will assume the dotted lineposition upon the carrier 10 shown at 31 in Fig. '1 with thecartridge-head resting against the shoulder 36 formed for this purposeon the action-lever. This shoulder 36 is made to stop cartridges oflarge caliber or whose heads are of larger diameter and it is possiblefor cartridges with smaller heads to slip past it. In order, however,

that the cartridge may not slide rearward past the action lever farenough to jam the .action of the'firearm, I have provided thecartridge-arrester 20 already referred to, so that if the cartridgeshould escape the shoulder 36 on the action-lever 5 it Wlll stop againstthe cartridge-arrester 20 in position to be raised by the carrier. Thecarrier 10 at this time is held in the osition shown in Fig. 1 by theexpansion 0 the spring 16 as the. force exerted by this spring with thecarrier in this position is below the pivot 11 about which the carriermoves. At this time also the curved end of the combined cartridge-stopand bullet-guide is in the full line position shown in Fig. 5, havingbeen forced into that position by en agement of the offset 27 of thelocking-bloc r 7 with the projection 28, and I might here mention thatmovement of the combined cartridgestop and bullet-guide in this positionforces the lug 32 formed on the rear end of the member 25 into a concavedepression 33 formed in the breech-block 8. If the actionlever 5 beoperated from the position shown in Fig. 1 to that shown in Fig. 2 itwill be seen that the first movement of this lever will force thebreech-block 8 rearwardly and this rearwardmovement of the breechblockwill cause the cam surface at the front end of the depression 33 in thebreechblock to force the rear end of the combined cartridge-stop andbullet-guide 25 downpivot 26 until the curve forward end of this memberassumes the dotted line position shown in Fig. 5 from which it will beseen that the bottom 34 of this curved portion will be moved intocartridge-sto ping position to prevent the next cartri go in themagazine 4 from being fed into the receiver. Movement of theaction-lever 5 allows the .cartridge 31 to be forced back by themagazine .spring into position on the carrier,

with its front end clear of the magazine, at

10 is moving, the carrier will be forced up under this action of thespring to the position shown in Fig. 2 and be maintained in thisposition by the spring. The cartridge is now in an inclined position asindicated in Fig. 2, with its bullet abreast of the chamber 3. Thereverse movement of the scribed a preferred embodiment ofmy-inaction-lever 5 to 'force'the cartridge into the chamber 3 willcause the breech-block 8 to move forwardly and engage the cartridge toforce the same into the chamber 3 and as the locking-block 7 movesupwardly due to rearward movement of the actionlever, it

will engage the tail 35 on the carrier 10 to force the rear end of thecarrier upwardly until finally the force exerted by, the spring 16 whichis compressed due to this movement of the carrier passes below the pivot11 of the carrier when the spring will cause the carrier to snapdownwardly into the position shown in Fig. 1 which is itscartridge-receiving position as will be obvious. The carrier will beheld in this position by the spring until the next movement of theaction-lever. Inasmuch as it is desired at this time to have the nextcartridge in the magazine fed into the receiver to rest against the'shoulder 36 of the action-lever 5 it is necessary to move the combinedcartridge stop and bulletguide 25 out of cartridge-stopping position,that is to say, out of the dotted line position sho wn in Fig. 5 andthis is accomplished by the offset 27 of the locking block 7 engagingthe projection 28 on the rear end of this member as the locking-block ismoved upwardly which will cause the member 25 to .rock about its pivot26 into the full line position shown in Fig. 5.

It will be obvious from the foregoing that I have provided a firearmwith a receiver which is adapted'for use with cartridges not only ofdifierent calibers but also of diflerent lengths for obviously if it bedesired to use this receiver for a longer cartridge than was used in theoperation of the firearm as above described it would merely be necessaryto substitute a loadingtrap forthe loading trap 18 w-hich would not beprovided with the cartridge-arrester 20, and to shorten the lug 37 onthe breechblock 8 to allow the latter to travel farther to the rear.

It will be obvious also that by merely removing the bushing 21 andproviding a magazine 4 of the proper'size as well as substituting theproper size of barrel, cartridges of a larger caliber may be used withthis same receiver.

In short, it will be obvious that the receiver here described is adaptedfor use in a firearm with cartridges of diiferent lengths as well asdifferairii t/calibers which as pointed out is very vantageous inasmuchasthe receiver is very expensive.

It will be seen also that I have provided a cartridge-arrester which isoperative independently of the action lever for positively limitinmovement of a cartridge rearwardly o the receiver relative to saidlever.

While I have herein illustrated and devention it is to be understoodthat changes may be made in the details thereof within the purview ofthe present invention.

What is claimed as new is:

1. In a firearm adapted to be used with cartridges of differentcalibers, a receiver provided with a loading-opening through which thefirearm is charged with cartridges, a loading-trap in said opening formaintaining the loading-opening closed when the firearm is in operation,a stop for limiting rearward movement of a cartridge of one caliber whenthe action is locked, and an auxiliary stop for positively limiting therearward movement of a cartridge of different caliber.

2. In a firearm adapted to be used with cartridges of difi'erentcalibers, a receiver provided with a loading-opening, a loadingtrap insaid opening, a cartridge-carrier, a. stop for preventing a cartridge-ofone caliber moving rearwardly in the receiver when the action is locked,and an auxiliary stop for positively limiting the rearward movement of acartridge of a difierent caliber.

3. A receiver for a firearm adapted to be used with cartridges ofdifferent calibers comprising in combination an action lever having astop for engaging a cartridge of one caliber when the action is lockedand a cartridge arrester operative independently of said lever forpositively limiting the rearward movement of a cartridge of a differentcaliber in said receiver.

, 4. A receiver for a firearm adapted to be used with cartridges ofdifferent calibers comprising in combination a cartridge-carrier, anaction-lever having a stop for engaging and preventing rearward movementof a cartridge of one caliber when the action is locked, and acartridge-arrester operative independently of said lever for positivelylimiting the rearward movement of a cartridge of a different caliberrelative to sa1d carrier.

5. A receiver for a firearm adapted to be.

used with cartrid es of different caliber comprising in coniIiination acartridge-carrier, an action-lever having a stop for normally engaging acartridge of one caliber when the action is locked, a loading-trap, anda cartridge-arrester carried by said loading-trap "and, operativeindependently of said lever for positively limiting a move ment of thecartridge of different caliber rearwardly relative to said carrier.

6. A receiver for a firearm comprising a loading trap, and a pivotedmember, said pivoted member functioning as a cartridge stop and itsforward end bemgshaped to form a bullet guide for gulding a cartridgebeing fed through the receiver 1nto the magazine of the firearm pastsaid loading trap.

7. In a firearm, a receiver and a combined cartridge-stop andbullet-guide sustained thereby, the forward end of said stop and guidebeing curved to serve as a bulletguide, the lower edge of said curvefunctioning as a cartridge-stop.

'8. In a firearm the combination of a breech-block, alocking-block and acombined cartridge-stop and bullet-guide controlled by said blocks.

9. In a firearm the combination of a sliding breech-block, a slidinglocking-block and a combined cartridge-stop and bullet-guide moved tocartridge-stopping position by rearward movement of the breech-block andto cartridge-releasing and bullet-guiding posi tion by closing movementof the lockingblock.

10. In a firearm the combination of a magazine, a sliding breech-block,a sliding locking-block and a combined cartridge-stop and bullet-guideactuated by the breechblock in open-ing to stop a cartridge following inthe magazine and actuated by the locking-block in closing so as torelease the cartridge in the magazine and function as a bullet-guide.

11; In afirearm the combination of a magazine, a receiver having aloadingopening therein, a loading-trap at said opening, a carrier, asliding breech-block and an action-lever sustained by said receiver, acartridge-arrester carried by said loading-trap for limiting movement ofa cartridge rearwardly relative to said receiver and said carrier and acombined cartridge-stop and bullet-guide acted on by the saidbreech-block in opening to stop a cartridge following in said magazineand a locking-block acting on said cartridge-stop and bullet-guide inclosing to move the same out of cartridge-stopping position to releasethe cartridge in the magazine.

- 12. In a firearm having a magazine and a pivoted carrier fortransferring a cartridge from the nia azine to the chamber of thefirearm, a sliding breech-block which in its rearward movement movessaid carrier into loading-position, a locking block which in its closingmovement moves said carrier to receiving position, and a coil springextending longitudinally of said carrier for maintaining the carrier insaid respective loading and receiving positions.

13. In a magazine-firearm the combination of a magazine, a receiverhaving an opening therein, a bushing in said opening for receiving saidmagazine, said bushing being provided with a rearwardly extendingprojection for guiding a cartridge passing into said magazine.

14. In a firearm having a magazine and a pivoted carrier fortransferring-a cartridge from the magazine to the chamber of thefirearm, a sliding breech-block which moves said carrier into loadingposition, a locking-block whichmoves said carrier to receiving position,and a coil spring extcnding longitudinally of said carrier formaintaining the same in loading position during forward movement of thebreechblock.

15. In a firearm having a magazine and a pivoted carrier fortransferring a cartridge from the magazine to the chamber of thefirearm, a sliding breech-block which moves said carrier into loadingposition, a locking-block which moves said carrier to receivingposition, and acoil spring extending longitudinally of said carrier formaintaining the same in receiving position after being forced to suchposition by the locking-block.

16. In a firearm having a magazine, a pivoted carrier for transferring acartridge from the magazine to the chamber of the firearm, and a coilspring for holding the carrier in loading position and in receivingposition.

17. In a firearm having a magazine, a pivoted carrier for transferringa. cartridge from the magazine to the chamber of the firearm and a coilspring exerting an actuating force upon the carrier below the pivota1point thereof when the carrier is in receiving position and above saidpivotal point when the carrier is in loading position.

This specification signed this 17th day of May, 1920.

JOHN M. BROWNING.

